Basic linux commands

List down my basic linux commands as my reference

Basic

• cd  folder      
• cd ..
• cd ../..
• pwd       -->show path
• man xx  -->manual of command xx (eg: man rm)
• cp          --> copy
• rm -rf    -->force to remove (-f), including directory (-r)
• rm -i      -->remove with prompt
• mv x1 x2 -->rename or move file into a directory
• uname -a -->check linux version & machine info (print system information)
• du -ah .  -->check total used disk space
• df -ah .   -->check disk usage, can know total used & available free disk space
• top         --> to check processes that are running 
• jobs
• ps           --&gt show running process
• grep xx    --> to grep xx from a file or process
• kill -9  PID --> kill the process with PID number, which can get from top
• ln -s xx1 xx2  -->soft link command 
• usermount    --> A graphical tool to mount, unmount and format filesystems
• cd /mnt/      -->mount directory
• cd /media/  --> media mounted directory eg usb
• pushd
• popd
• 
  

editor

• vi
• vim
• nedit
• emacs
• tkdiff    (make comparison between two files)

 Tar command

• man tar
• tar -xvf    file.tar
• tar -xvfz  file.tar.gz
• tar -xvfj   file tar.bz2
• tar -cvf    create.tar   folder/

Admin

• su           -->super user (root)
• sudo  xx --> 
• ldd      -->check dynamic link  (eg #ldd /usr/bin/vim)
• rpm -ivh xxx.rpm
• yum install  xxx 
• yum search xxx

network 

• /sbin/ifconfig     -->showing network
• /sbin/iwconfig   -->showing wireless network
• /sbin/iwlist       --> list of wireless network 
• ping www.google.com

To restart network:
type # /etc/init.d/network restart

To start Linux network service:
# /etc/init.d/network start

To stop Linux network service: [type whole path]
# /etc/init.d/network stop


#/sbin/service network restart


setup hosts

vi /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.0.1               circuit.localdomain circuit

alternative way

vi /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME="circuit "



.bashrc   or .cshrc

add this

•  export PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin         #will include /sbin/ command like ifconfig

Install program path
It is better to save into this path because all user can use them

• /usr/local/bin/

Boot file

• store in /boot/grub

 Auto Mount file

• /etc/fstab

 LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda7         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sda8               /app                    ext3    defaults        0 0
/dev/sda3               /mnt/win_c              ntfs-3g auto    0 0
/dev/sda5               /mnt/win_f              ntfs-3g auto    0 0

 secure copy

• scp -r directory_tobe_copy username@my_local_pc_IP:.  ( "." to home )
• scp -r directory_tobe_copy username@my_local_pc_IP:/app/.  ( copy to /app/ ) 
• scp -r directory_tobe_copy my_local_pc_IP:/app/.  ( same username & copy to /app/ )

  SSH

• ssh username@remote_pc_IP  (diff username)
• ssh remote_pc_IP       (same username)

VNC
download realvnc from webpage
untar it to install

enable gnome in vnc

cd .vnc
vi xstartup

add the following change in the last line

#twm &  (commend out the twm by)
exec gnome-session &   (add this)


VI

•  refer to this link http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/Tutor/vi.html
•